WORLD CIVILIZATIONS AND HISTORY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT – African Civilizations: From The Pre-Colonial to the Modern Day - Toyin Falola and Tyler Fleming ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS: FROM THE PRE-COLONIAL TO THE MODERN DAY

WORLD CIVILIZATIONS AND HISTORY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT – Industrial Civilization - Robert Holton ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) INDUSTRIAL CIVILIZATION

Tracks of ancient cosmetics in the modern era of cosmetics

Cosmetics is as old as the history of human being. It has been present in human life since the times of the most ancient civilizations. Perfumery is one of the oldest branches of cosmetics. Valerian perfumes found from the Pharaohs’ pyramids, had maintained their aroma. Coriander, Mace oil, cardamom, cinnamon, and juniper were also the favorite materials used for perfumery in ancient Egyptian c...

Tracks of ancient cosmetics in the modern era of cosmetics

Cosmetics is as old as the history of human being. It has been present in human life since the times of the most ancient civilizations. Perfumery is one of the oldest branches of cosmetics. Valerian perfumes found from the Pharaohs’ pyramids, had maintained their aroma. Coriander, Mace oil, cardamom, cinnamon, and juniper were also the favorite materials used for perfumery in ancient Egyptian c...

Siliceous spicules enhance fracture-resistance and stiffness of pre-colonial Amazonian ceramics

Pottery was a traditional art and technology form in pre-colonial Amazonian civilizations, widely used for cultural expression objects, utensils and as cooking vessels. Abundance and workability of clay made it an excellent choice. However, inferior mechanical properties constrained their functionality and durability. The inclusion of reinforcement particles is a possible route to improve its r...

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The history of Medical ethics is as longer as the history of the medicine. In medical literature of all great civilizations such as Greek, Babylon, Egypt, Indian, Christian and Islamic, is full of ethical codes and oaths. Nevertheless the medical ethics as an academic filed appeared in 1960s. This article is a short review of medical ethics history in ancient, medieval and modern periods. In ...